The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This article contains details of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racism in rugby union brought his career to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word emerged that there were investigations going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and understand that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given considerable attention on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face education on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive on and off the field with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable others will become about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this flag and continue carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022